Essay about The Feminine Sea in Moby Dick - 3712 Words

The Feminine Sea in Moby Dick Melvilles novel, Moby Dick, has only men. Melvilles mens club sails a sea whose gender changes often and whose personality is resolutely enigmatic. The feminine in Melville ¹s novel hides her face in a veil of stars and behind a cloud of words. Literally, Moby Dick is a mens club, with only a glimpse of a woman in the background, or reflected in the stories of the sailors. They seem to have no sexuality, nor any personality. The two full blooded, dialogue speaking characters in the novel are both servants. Mrs. Hussey ladles out  ³Clam or Cod ³ to Queequeg and Ishmael, bans harpoons from her house, and busies herself like some cosmic washerwoman. In the novel, she is a laughably comic figure†¦show more content†¦Later in the novel, when Queequeg comes off the whale, the dough-boy gives him ginger-jub, as per Aunt Charitys orders. Stubb thunders and sends for more manly grog, then Aunt Charity ¹s gift...was freely given to the waves.(Monkey-Rope p. 419) So, even though we are told that she has been indefatigable in her efforts, the only gifts enumerated are trivial and silly, befitting someone who has no idea of the seriousness of the work involved. Both Charity and Mrs. Hussey are distanced from the men and m ens work of the novel; they are the servants of the club, ignorant and silly. The only other women in the men ¹s club exist in memory. Ishmael speaks of his best and most-conscientious step-mother, sending him to bed during the daylight. Like Jane Eyre, locked up only in his room, his visited by a phantom and the vision haunts him. This scary vision is repeated, but happily, Ishmael wakes to have Queequeg ¹s arm around him (The Counterpane). Both Starbuck and Ahab are married and have children, though their wives are scarcely mentioned. The Pequod rarely stops for a gam and never passes letters, so we know that Starbuck and Ahab never write home. Just before they sight the white whale, both Starbuck and Ahab stare at the sunrise, and think back to their families on Nantucket. Ahab cries in regret for the treatment of his wife, saying that in marrying her, he widowed her. Starbuck entreats him to return;Show MoreRelatedMargaret Fuller Vs. Herman Melville1259 Words   |  6 Pagesslaves†, and where men hold â€Å"the belief that Woman was made for Ma n†. Two books, Herman Melville’s Moby Dick and Woman in the Nineteenth Century, provide male and female perspective in the 19th century. These separate texts exemplify two sides of the same coin. On the one hand, Woman in the Nineteenth Century provides perspective of the feminine experience in a male dominated world while Moby Dick portrays a society from a male point of view and experiences woman as subservient to himself. BecauseRead MoreAnalysis Of Chief Bromden s The Of One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 952 Words   |  4 Pagesfacade. In the novel, she is described as women with very nice features but hides her feminine side. She also wears her all white nurse uniform. Billy Bibbit – He is nervous patient and has a bad stutter. Billy Bibbit is controlled by his mother, and one of Nurse Ratched’s close friends. They say that Billy is afraid of the outside world. Other Books: Sailor Song by Ken Kesey Demon Box by Ken Kesey Sea Lion by Ken Kesey Time Period/Setting: During the 1950s, the setting stakes place inRead MoreEssay on 103 American Literature Final Exam5447 Words   |  22 Pagesfor African Americans’ sense of â€Å"doubleness† when identifying themselves as simultaneously black and American—identities that were sometimes in conflict with one another (B) poet Mina Loy’s idea that women must simultaneously engage masculine and feminine emotions (C) German philosopher Karl Marx’s articulation of the fractured identity of the working class (D) playwright Eugene O’Neill’s theory that stage actors must feel themselves to be acting and living reality at the same time Since 1945 21Read MoreOld Man and the Sea5543 Words   |  23 PagesDefeated –The Struggle of Life in â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea† A Man Can Be Destroyed But Not Defeated – The Struggle of Life in â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea† Sophie Chen(é™ ³Ã¦Ëœ ±Ã¥ â€¡) Class 201 National Dali Senior High School March.17, 2007 1/24 PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com A Man Can Be Destroyed But Not Defeated –The Struggle of Life in â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea† I. Introduction The Old Man and the Sea is one of the finest works of literature of the 20th centuryRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesto be resolved is one within the protagonist’s psyche or personality. External conflict may reflect a basic opposition between man and nature (such as in Jack London’s famous short story â€Å"To Build a Fire† or Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea†) or between man and society (as in Richard Wright’s â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man†). It may also take the form of an opposition between man and man (between the protagonist and a human adversary, the antagonist), as, for example, in most detectiveRead MoreVictorian Novel9605 Words   |  39 Pagestravelling. Even libraries, like those of Edward Mudie and W.H. Smith, thanks to the railways could send different forms of literature to provinces and overseas. Changes in the industry and society were equal to the changes in the novel. Themes like sea adventures after Napoleonic Wars, concerns with Ireland, rural people, nostalgia for country in urban England, fashionable London life, appeared in the novels of Frederick Marryat, William Carleton, Samuel Lower, Robert Surtees, Mrs Gore, Lady Blessington

Differences between Amateur and Professional Basketball Essay

Collegiate basketball tends to hold to different rules and regulations than the NBA, but the main facets of the game remains the same. The collegiate game, as opposed to the professional ranks, possesses stricter rules to which the universities, players, and coaches must adhere by. If these entities fail to follow the rules, they stand a good chance of facing harsh punishments. These punishments can range anywhere from fines and player suspensions to probation banning the school from postseason play. Such rules do not exist in professional basketball. Some other differences between collegiate and professional basketball are very obvious while others seem to be more subtle. One rather large difference between the NBA and NCAA†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, a college athlete only receives a scholarship for playing basketball. The athlete must work hard in the classroom and on the court to earn that scholarship. Once the athlete receives the scholarship, they have to work even harder to maintain the necessary grade level that is required to participate. One example of a person who was unable to maintain eligibility would be Chris McCray from the University of Maryland. He was suspended for the remainder of the season for failing to meet the NCAA standards of a 2.0 GPA on a minimum of six credit hours (Katz). Perhaps the largest difference between college basketball and professional basketball would be the amount of money and benefits that professional players receive in comparison with amateur players. Even though college athletics make millions in profits annually, the athletes do not see any money for their performances. During the 2002-2003 NCAA basketball season, Louisville, the school with the greatest profit, gained $14.6 million in revenue according to the Department of Education (Isidore). On the other hand, some NBA players make $14 million in one season. Professional athletes also receive many benefits, including free merchandise. If a collegiate player accepted free merchandise, they would be placing their basketball scholarship and career eligibility on the line. During LeBron Jamess senior year in high school,Show MoreRelatedThe National Collegiate Athletic Association1227 Words   |  5 Pagescollege sports. For 2011-12, the NCAA reported $871.6 million in revenue-- 81 percent of which came from a broadcast rights agreement with Turner/CBS Sports. Another 11 percent came from sponsoring championships, such as the annual March Madness basketball tournament. No college sport generates more money every year than football. In 2012, Business Insider reported that the University of Texas football program generated more than $95 million the previous season, the most of any college in the UnitedRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Women s Equality1611 Words   |  7 Pagesmen’s sports, pay differences between male and female athletes are large, and female athletes have to wait longer to start their professional career than men, which risks their professional career before it even starts. In today’s world, men’s sports seem to always be in the spotlight while women’s sports do not draw much attention, as if women who play sports are not taken seriously. This happens on all levels of sports, and I have personally experienced it myself through basketball in high schoolRead MoreStudent Athletes Are Deserving Of Economic Remuneration1505 Words   |  7 Pages(Rovell, 2014). Five of the sports included are professional where the athletes are paid. However, two of them--NCAAF and NCAAM--are amateur sports headed by student-athletes who are not paid. When these college sports are on par with professional organizations that are worth billions of dollars, then the amateurism behind the NCAAF and NCAAM is questioned. In fact, the NCAA generates almost a billion dollars annually. Since the athletes in question are amateur student-athletes, paying them might damageRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1506 Words   |  7 Pagesathletes? These scholarship s college athletes are â€Å"rewarded† with do not even allow them to live a healthy lifestyle, as they still go through a struggle of a lifestyle. College athletes do not need to be receiving flashy huge pay checks like professionals do, but a fair salary to allow them to live above a normal college student should be implemented. Not to put student athletes over or above regular students of the university, but the NCAA regulates what their athletes can do, how and even howRead More Should College Athletes be Paid? Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pagespoor on the field and off the field as well. According to Fred Bowen, â€Å"only football and men’s basketball are money-making college sports. Most others, such as field hockey, wrestling and swimming, do not attract big crowds or make big bucks.† (Should college athletes get paid?). Also the sports team that give out the most money for athletes to come and play for them, are football and men’s basketball. â€Å"Critics of paying college athletes note that only a small number of them compete in sports orRead MoreCollege Athletes Deserve Compensation Essay861 Wo rds   |  4 Pagesand teams year round. Some people watch professional sports, while others prefer college. The only difference between professional and college athletics is the lack of payment to student athletes. The National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) receives millions of dollars in revenue from college mens basketball and football, and college coaches of top schools are paid the same amount as professional coaches. Fans of both college and professional athletes can proudly show their commitmentRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid? Essay1001 Words   |  5 Pagesacademic year, fans were able to enjoy yet another nail-biting NCAA Basketball Tournament and a highlight filled football season. Most would agree that the NCAA provides competitive sport as popular as the professionals. In fact, its annual revenue makes that point clear. College football and basketball generate more than the National Basketball Association, a total of more than $6 billion yearly.[1 ] There is one major difference between the two associations, however. NBA players get paid for the revenueRead MoreThe Olympic Games : Athletes2287 Words   |  10 Pagespermitted to amateur athletes, or athletes that compete in a sport without collecting revenue from their activity, only. The International Olympic Committee, a committee that organizes and relegates the modern Olympic Games, changed the eligibility requirements of competitors in 1986. They permitted professional athletes to compete in the Olympics because many â€Å"amateur† athletes that were competing had been financially supported by their governments to train full-time. Because the lines between professionalRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1454 Words   |  6 Pageswould affirm that the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) provides as much entertainment as professional sports; a fact that is prove to by the organization’s annual revenue, which nets more than $6 billion yearl y (Fitzel, 3). Interestingly enough, National Basketball Association (NBA) generates less then college football and basketball (the value, 7). There is one key difference between the NBA and the NCAA. NBA players are paid on a commission basis for the revenue they help bring in.Read MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid1323 Words   |  6 PagesCollegiate Athletics Association) does not think it is necessary to pay these athletes because they want to maintain the â€Å"amateur sport† status. According to Stanley Eitzen in his â€Å"College Athletes should be Paid, â€Å"The universities and the NCAA claim their athletes in big-time sports programs are amateurs and, despite the money generated, the NCAA and its member schools are amateur organizations promoting an educational mission,† when in reality it is not so. â€Å"College athletes should be paid because

A Research On Baby Boomer Free Essays

The term baby boomer refers to the period between 1946 and the early part of the 1960s, after the World War 2, where there are high rate of childbirth. During this period, there was baby boom. The incidence of child control through pill was not yet in vogue at this period. We will write a custom essay sample on A Research On Baby Boomer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Following the great devastating impact of the WW2 on countries populations, the need increase the populations size was encouraged by government of countries and family clans. This results in the boom of childbirth. Thus, the demographic statistics of countries continued to be on the increase during this period. The decline of child birth through birth control pills and other contraceptives brought to the end of the period of baby boomer. In United States, contraceptive pills were introduced during 1965. and this period is regularly referenced as the period of the end of baby boom. The baby boomer term has being applied to marketing conceptualization. There is a group of characters with similar attitude and age grade refers to as baby boomer. In his book ‘Marketing to Leading-Edge Baby Boomers’, Brent Green (2003) conceptualize baby boomers as those born in the period between 1946 and 1955 who have a generational cohort or unit that is self defining. They conceive themselves as those born at the height of the Vietnam war. The second grouping of baby boomer according to Green is those conceived in the mid 1950s to the mid 1960s. Thus, from this classification we can group the baby boomers into older boomers , and those that are described as the younger boomers. The demographic of this group he termed as trailing-edge boomers. Thus, 77 million of baby boomers formed the first mass market for advertisers to grab their professional prowess in the American market. As consumers, baby boomers behave like kids, preferring to watch television shows, buying baby foods like cereals for breakfast. They also posses adult characteristics which sees them setting trends. The aging of baby boomers in their 50s and 60s provides marketers new opportunity into creating products to satisfy these peculiar consumers through adequate market segmentation analysis and planning. WHAT DO THE BABY BOOMER WANT IN CLOTHING There are diverse group forming the baby boomers; however, they share some similar characteristics when it comes to taste for clothing, and the choice of satisfaction derived from consuming specific products. The 78 million baby boomers still have a great dominance on the U. S. market. Marketers and retailers have being accused in treating this group as homogenous; sharing same preferences and taste. Researches has shown that baby boomers have different taste for their clothing, from those of other generation breeds. The difference lies in the preference for qualities of cloth comfort, value, and quality, authentic products and ethnic materials. The baby boomers have more interest for fashionable clothing material. According to a survey conducted to see the difference between baby boomers and other general taste for clothing, all respondents placed high importance on fair trade philosophy that has to do with wages, workplace, and their environment. On the other hand, the generational cohorts (baby Boomers) have more inclination towards wearing ethnic attire, which forms their main intension to buy from the fair (Littrel et al, 2005, pg 407). Furthermore, baby boomers have move value for clothing details in order to generate information that has to do with the cloth relativity to comfort, value and quality. The female baby bombers are showing more signs and preference for selecting and choosing their clothing than generations before them. They prefer to select garment based on the style and ethnic attire. They then rate the clothing material to enable them get the best satisfaction from utilizing this cloth. However, it has being argued in recent researches that there is a declining rate in baby boomers for garment, in recent years, however, their preference for denim jeans still remain unchanged. Furthermore, the baby boomers are now declining their interest in shopping for apparel from the stores, as they are now increasing their interest in electronic cloth buying. THE PRODUCTS THE BABY BOOMERS WOULD WANT AND PREFER TO SPEND THEIR MONEY ON. The baby Boomers are now aging, where the youngest among these generational cohorts are in their 50s. Thus, as elderly they would need pharmaceutical products to keep them fit and healthy. This older generational group would need to consume more nutritional supplements products that would argument their feeding habit. Many pharmaceutical companies in U. S. see this generational group as a potential market to sell their nutritional and supplements products and drugs. As this group like to remain young and avoid aging they would require more of nutritional products and this food supplements to keep them healthy and young. Furthermore, the baby boomers that are now in their elderly age would be in need of thick attire that would keep them warm during period of winter and heavy snowfalls. In their eating habit in additional to the nutritional food supplement, they would be need less of fatty and protein food, but more of vitamins. Thus, they would need more of vegetables, white meat, and fish. They will want food that will aid them in maintaining their gene and DNA. Though they do not like stereotyping and aging, thus organization would have to be extra careful not to be caught arousing the other side of this group. The housing preference for this group of people would be in a quite locality with more gardens and natural settings. The countryside would be more of a better place for recreation for this category of people than taking them to Las Vegas and New York to view noisy and hotspot centres. This group would also be spending their more on artificial aids like artificial hips and knees to help them with weakness in joints and knees. Thus, these artificial aids market would be having more boom has this aging group continue to count more years to their age. The baby boomers would also like to spend their money more on products that would aid them to fight aging. Thus, anti-aging products would be a market target for these generational cohorts. Unilever Plans For Capitalising On Baby Boomers Unilever is a multinational corporation with well-established branches in US, Europe Africa and other continents. It products ranges from confectionaries, fast foods, beverages, noodles etc. Unilever products are made for both the old and the younger. In the company quest to provide effective products that would satisfy the baby boomers, it has researched on the shopping pattern of this group. The study had baffled other executive why Unilever is studying the shopping pattern of this group. The research and study of Unilever on this group has made it discovered that the average baby boomer seems to have a hearing aid fixed into their ears than they would prefer an ipod earpiece. Thus, the company is seeking for way to manufacture product that would adequately satisfy this group, and at the same time capitalizing on the opportunities that is untapped with this population This pattern adopted by Unilever has reawakened the need for other organizations to study this group and develop products to meet their needs. Unilever invested more on researches and have planned to re-brand their products with the view of having foresight to satisfy consumers’ wants. This strategy it has adopted for the baby boomers. McDonald Company Plans on Capitalizing on this Population McDonalds is a world fast food organization with branches and franchised centres in every continent in the world. The company have also developed plans for the elderly group constituting the baby boomers. The company sees the financial and investment prowess of able businesspersons and entrepreneurs in baby boomers. Thus, it has opened up a portal in its website to encourage and direct baby boomers on ways to get franchise in establishing outlets with McDonald’s company name. McDonalds know that these are mostly retired executives, and thus have accumulated enough retirement funds to enable them buy franchised. Thus, by opening this portal (America’s Best Frachises) in its website it has made it each for baby boomers to know the steps to follow in acquiring franchise from the company. Furthermore, McDonalds has entered into partnership with Guidant Financial Systems in order to make the financial process for the franchising easy and smooth. Furthermore, McDonalds in 2000 invested $1. 8 billion to open 800 new outlets in its plans to attract patrons beyond young people to designing program that would be adequate and appealing to baby boomers. Thus, the company took an holistic approach in making sure every category of its customers including baby boomers are adequately cared for and attracted to its interior and external features in every of its restaurants. REFERENCES Brent Green (2003) Marketing to Leading-Edge Baby Boomers. New York: Writers Advantage Littrell, Mary A. , et al (2005) â€Å"Generation X, baby Boomers, and Swing: marketing Fair Trade Apparel† Vol. 9 Number 4. Thompson Anne (2005), â€Å"Baby Boomers Create New marketing Frontiers† in NBC News, March 16. How to cite A Research On Baby Boomer, Essays

Predicting The Intention Use On Accounting -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Predicting The Intention Use On Accounting? Answer: Introduction This report depicts the importance of using advanced Accounting Information System (AIS) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system for managing large set of information with high level of security and time and service efficiency as well in B Bakery. It helps the company to gain effective success and competitive advantages from the marketplace (Sriyono 2017). Different business processes are there and based on the background of B Bakery the most suitable business process is needed to be incorporated by the company. In order to resolve the issues of finance management B Bakery should adopt MYOB software package for their company. Defining the business process The business process is referred to as a series of steps those are collectively performed by the stakeholders group of the company in order to achieve the business goal. Business process is a wide range of structured, chained, tasks and activities those are widely conducted by the stakeholders and the specific equipments of the company to deliver service and products (Tam 2017). In order to accomplish the predetermined goal of organization business processes are needed to be determined by B Bakery. In each of the organizational level, the business processes might occur. These kinds of processes are sometimes visible to the consumers and sometimes these are not visible to the consumers. Three different types of business processes are there such as management processes, operational processes and supporting processes (Wagle and Maiya 2015). It is the responsibility of the management head of B Bakery to make sure that the business operations are running successfully. With the help of the management process, the operation of a system could be governed. In order to create the primary value stream a process that constitutes core business of the organization should be incorporated (Seck 2017). The different examples of business processes include invoice, shipping, order receiving, personal data update; determine marketing and other budgets for the business process. Role of a baker in B bakery The main role of a baker is to made fresh baked treats with affective aroma and fragrance for the consumers. In order to grab new consumers from different geographical boundary it is necessary to deliver the products with affordable price (Rajasa and Faturachman 2015). This family owned bakery holds around 70 employees and due to its affordable price and product tastes the revenue of the company has increased up to $13.5 Million in the last few years. Due to its business performance it has gained mixed business experience from the past few years . However, due to lack of managerial approaches, B Bakery failed to produce some of the products with affordable price in the competitive market. While preparing food they must try to make it better than the other bakery stores to gain effective revenue and competitive advantages as well. Discussion on the business activities or process of B bakery In addition to this, they are also responsible to attract their consumers through turning their company into industrial bakery store. With the growing numbers of products and employees, the management of the products and employees also become very difficult. In order to manage them B Bakery has incorporated Accounting Information System (AIS) in their company (Mayasari 2015). For managing the expansion of the company, this accounting software stands helpful. It helps the company to track all the financial details and transaction details as well. In order to improve the rate of its earning profit, specialized accounting software is needs to be incorporated by the company (Magerer 2017). In order to maintain the confidential information the company has adopted the below business process: Development of accounts for the consumers of B Bakery Development of vendor accounts Bank accounts should be created for the employees Providing proper security to the accounts to avoid external assaults Account charts should be enhanced accurately Availability of both offline and online payment processes Different processes those are indispensible to be performed In order to boost up the productivity of the employees who are working for B Bakery it is necessary to utilize the essence of time management tools accurately. Time taken for billing and accounting is the reason for lost of web browsing, social media check and other distractions. Due to lack of organizational management the company is facing this issues majorly throughout (Kamaruddin and Ramli 2017). From analyzing different survey it has been found that, most of the medium and large companies are facing time waste as a issue due lack of processes. Proper project management tool is needed to be used by the project head to overcome the organizational challenges. Particularly for B Bakery the main challenge that was interrupting the company to gain effective revenue is lack of accounting management aspects. In order to maintain and track the details of financial transaction of the company it is necessary to install accurate Accounting software Package in terms of SAP, MYOB. Based upon the requirement of the consumer and employees the company should select the most suitable accounting software package for their company (Darmawan, and Nugroho 2016). Considering the business objectives the most suitable package is needed to be selected. The two most vital and specific requirements of B Bakery are maintenance of the business requirements and running those aspects accurately (Choong 2016). The efforts must be done for increasing the revenue of the company. At the same time the finance management can be done if the company uses SAP software. Outcomes required from these processes for achieving business objectives From the existing business background of B Bakery it has been found that the company is facing major challenges due to lack of financial management. In order to track and monitor the financial structure of the company, it is necessary for the company to adopt proper Accounting Software Package (ASP). With the growing time phase the number of information are also increasing respectively for which the data management is also becoming difficult for the company (Arcega et al. 2015). The company is willing to expand their business in the upcoming future and in order to make it possible adoption of accounting software stands to be the most helpful one. For gaining volatility, this particular accounting software package is very much helpful. For reducing the organizational complex situation, this approach is very much helpful. In order to achieve the business objectives, the range of outcomes those are required includes the following: Time saving: Compared to manual bookkeeping system this particular approach is very much helpful as it helps to save lots of time (Alfred 2014). This package has the ability to front process simultaneously end documentation as well. Cash flow management: The route of transaction from the consumers account to company accounts become save and secure due to the implementation of AS. Scalable solution: Apart from these benefits the objectives in terms of getting scalable solution and computerized solution become also adoptable from the consumers end with the elp of accounting software. Continuous financial monitoring: In order to maintain and monitoring the financial records of the company Accounting Software is useful over manual bookkeeping. Some possible software features or functionalities that the firm should consider for achieving their IT investment objectives In order to achieve as per the company requirements the possible features of all the Accounting Software are required to respectively analyze (Choong 2016). The main objective of the Company is to keep and maintain the transactional records accurately through Accounting Software Package. Based upon the requirements the IT level investments are needed to be done. The common features of the AS are as follows: It can document back end transaction. Apart from this, the additional features from which the company could create check and even deposit in the banks. It can also generate feedback or invoice through this solution The possible functionalities those should be considered to achieve the objectives of OT investment are as follows: Windows XP, Windows SP 2 and Widows 7 In the company file around a 35 MB disk space is needed Microsoft office of version 2000, 2007 are needed 1 GHZ Pentium Intel Processor with a 1 GB RAM For Apple QuickTime minimum v7 Free hard disk 200 MB for installing program Visit the websites of account software package vendors The websites those have been visited are as follows: MYOB: https://www.myob.com/au XERO: https://www.xero.com/ SAP: https://www.sap.com/india/index.html Suitable accounting software suitable for the firm After analyzing the application detail, operational and functional activities those are generally served by the software package it has been found that, through different online software packages are available in the market such as MYOB, XERO, SaaSu, Reckon, SAP etc but still for B Bakery the most suitable accounting software is MYOB. It helps the company to gain effective business level solution in terms of time management budget management. In addition to this, it also helps the company to overcome different obstacles by reducing the human level errors. It provides useful as well as added service capability to the consumers. The rates of resource availability are also referred to as enough in case of MYOB (Darmawan and Nugroho 2016). The rate of subscription packages is also affordable compared to other vendors. The features for which the company has decided to adopt the MYOB software package include reliability, flexibility, disaster recovery, application resilience and information backup. Comparison and contrast between XERO and MYOB Details of the factors that have been considered MYOB XERO Access and setup The MYOB accounting software is absolutely online and the different devices through which it can be used include computers, tablets and mobile phones (Daru 2015) XERO is one of the most widely used accounting software that helps to integrated and secures the detail financial structure of the company. Updates Data updates took place automatically The system and data updates are available automatically Back up Constant online backup and security is present Continuous online backup and security is present as well for XERO and its services Multiple access of users Yes Yes Easy for usage Good Good and it can work faster than others. Reporting speediness In case of MYOB the reporting approach took longer time. It also helps to report run one at a time It can report faster than the others. It could also run multiple reports at once in the browser tabs (Kamaruddinand Ramli 2017). Quotes A quotation system is also offered by MYOB It also offers quotation system and can also convert automatically into active jobs Feedback or invoice It could send feedback Invoice is available Payroll Payroll is available for single person. However more number of staffs needs a different version of MYOB. Payroll approach is present Login approaches of the employees Available only as a paid add on The staffs could access the personal portal of the employees and additionally can also download payment summaries, pay slip and can also request for lodge leave Debt follow up Present Present. It means through follow up debt the company could match the business. Claimed expenses No availability It could handle the claimed expenses separately. It can do good job in accounting for the claimed expense. Cost Based on the background of the business the overall system cost varies accordingly. The subscription package of the software package varies accordingly. Different versions, plan and add on s are available in case of MYOB. The offers served by the company are sometimes referred to as a most confusing one. The price for XERO accounting software is absolutely simple and it starts from $25 (Mayasari 2015). However the plan for $50 is absolutely suitable for the users with up to 5 staffs. Payroll approach is also available. It also allows superannuation for only just $10. Learning software From online users could learn about the software through online learning. Through online help, online videos, Xero TV learn is possible. Selection of the most suitable vendor of the bakery Different accounting software packages are available in the market such as SAP, XERO MYOB etc but based on the background of the business the most accurate vendor is needed to be chosen by B Bakery (Rajasa and Faturachman 2015). After analyzing the features and subscription package details of all of these different accounting software packages it has been found that installation of MYOB stands to be most suitable one for the bakery company. In order to manage large set of data accounting software is referred to as one of the most suitable tool that could be used widely by the companies. Even also in B Bakery due to sudden business expansion the number of employees and data are also getting increased. Management of those data is very much necessary to obtain successful market revenue from the competitive market (Sriyono 2017). The different features of MYOB for which B Bakery should adopt this accounting software packages are as follows: Real time data processing: The accounting software package has the ability to record all necessary data including updated statement of income of the employees, balance sheet as well. In addition to this, with this system the company would be able to manage the accounts specially the real time cash-flow instead of the relying worksheet. Operation on integrate system: This particular accounting software package could be operated in the integrated systems (Wagle and Maiya 2015). With the help of the integrated system the total time of financial transaction could be minimized and also the rate of error in accounts also gets minimized accordingly. Easy to use: According to the features of the MYOB accounting software it is very easy to use thus it is user friendly. It means that the user can use this particular software easily without any kind of system complexity (Tam 2017). In addition to this, online feedback or invoice options are also present in its application which implies that, user can get access of it user ability and based upon that they can select whether this accounting software can be used or not. Presence of basic budget tool: Apart from above system features, MYOB accounting software holds basic budget tool through which the company will be able to calculate its revenue details accordingly. Security: The MYOB software is very much secured from the users and employee perspectives (Sriyono 2017). All the account holders have their own password through which only the authorized users could access the accounts details. On the other hand the users who do not have the account details are unable to access the account. Ability to data backup: The other features associated to the accounting software package are automatic data backup, disaster recovery and application resilience (Rajasa and Faturachman 2015). It means that, due to external assault if any information gets lost from the server then, MYOB software has the ability to store the data as in terms of backup form. Conclusion For developing the business process the features of the Accounting Software Packages are needed to be considered. It has been found that, based on the possible objectives proper IT based investment is also needed to be done by B Bakery. MYOB, Xero, SAP are the different Accounting Software Packages those should be incorporated to the company to gain effective solution from the company. However, based on the software features it can be said that, B Bakery should implement MYOB accounting software package. References Aduamoah, M., Yinghua, S., Anomah, S. and Ahmed, F., 2017. Riding the Waves of Technology: A Proposed Model for the Selection of Appropriate Computerized Accounting Software for Implementation in SMEs in Developing Countries.Archives of Business Research,5(12). Alfred, B., 2014.Impact of Computerized Accounting on Performance of Payroll Accounting: Case Study of Urban Water and Sewerage of Authorities(Doctoral dissertation, The Open University of Tanzania). Arcega, C.K., Datinguinoo, E., Guerra, J., Guno, C., Mayuga, H.J., Villamena, E. and Manongsong, J.L., 2015. Computerized vs. Non-computerized Accounting System of Small and Medium Enterprises in Lipa City, Philippines: A Comparative Analysis.Asia Pacific Journal of Academic Research in Business Administration,1(1). Choong, C.M., 2016.Goods and Services (GST) Accounting System for Malaysian Retailing Company(Doctoral dissertation, UTAR). Darmawan, R. and Nugroho, M.A., 2016. The Development of Vlogging as Learning Media to Improve Students Learning Enthusiasm on MYOB Manufacture (Debt Card) Material.Kajian Pendidikan Akuntansi Indonesia,5(3). Daru, M.U., 2015. Role of computerized accounting in banking sector.International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences,4(2), pp.26-34. Dimitriu, O. and Matei, M., 2014. A new paradigm for accounting through cloud computing.Procedia economics and finance,15, pp.840-846. Kamaruddin, M.I.H. and Ramli, N.M., 2017. A Case Study of Internal Control Practices in Islamic Non-Profit Organisations in Malaysia.Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance,8, pp.13-25. Madurapperuma, M.W., 2015. The impact of embedding information and communication technology content in accounting courses and its effect on overall students performance. Magerer, L.K., 2017.A Mobile based accounting and sales management system for small retail shops(Doctoral dissertation, Strathmore University). Magerer, L.K., 2017.A Mobile based accounting and sales management system for small retail shops(Doctoral dissertation, Strathmore University). Mayasari, M., 2015. The Influence of Personal Characteristics, Interaction:(Computer/Individual), Computer Self-efficacy, Personal Innovativeness in Information Technology to Computer Anxiety in use of Mind your Own Business Accounting Software.International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues,5(1S). Rajasa, A. and Faturachman, F., 2015. Predicting the Intention to Re-Use on Accounting Application Software (The Case of Accurate Application Software Users in Indonesia). Sallem, N.R.M., Nasir, N.E.M., Nori, W.M.N.W.M. and Kassim, C.K.H.C.K., 2017. Small and medium enterprises: Critical problems and possible solutions.International Business Management,11(1), pp.47-52. Seck, K., 2017. Employment: Accountant liable as third party accessory to client's fair work breaches.LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal, (35), p.78. Sriyono, H., 2017. Effect of Tutorial Instructional Strategy and Drill in Using MYOB Accounting in Vocational High School Bekasi West Java Province.repository,7(4). Tam, A., 2017. Job Matching and Pushing Software System Final Report. Wagle, K.U. and Maiya, U., 2015. A study on gap between skills acquired during accounting education skills needed by the accounting profession.Asia pacific journal of research issn (print),2320, p.5504.

The Decline of the Dutch Republic in 1650 to 1713 Essay Example

The Decline of the Dutch Republic in 1650 to 1713 Paper The Decline of the Dutch Republic in 1650 to 1713 The Dutch Republic, in 1650, was an intimidating power; the Dutch Republic boasted dominant commercial, financial, and naval power. The Dutch Republic accredited much of their power to their most power province, Holland. Holland, dominated by Amsterdam, was a leading trading center in Europe. Although The Dutch Republic enjoyed a domineering power before 1650, the Peace of Utrecht brought about the decline of the Dutch Republic, due to a series of European wars, internal disunity and conflict, and a loss of trade dominance and economic prosperity. The Dutch Republic was the center of multiple European wars, that contributed to its decline. The Treaty of Dover, of 1670, promised a war on the Dutch Republic, in which France and England would join forces to bring about the downfall of the Dutch Republic. In a Resolution of the Amsterdam City Council, in 1671, it was noted that the monarchs waging war against the Dutch Republic were solely interested in taking parts of the Dutch Republic for their own kingdoms. In a letter from the Dutch ambassador to England in 1672, Konrad Van Beuningen reported that the onslaught of war from France and England could deteriorate the commerce of the Dutch Republic. The citizens of the Dutch Republic suffered socially from the wars that the Dutch Republic fought. We will write a custom essay sample on The Decline of the Dutch Republic in 1650 to 1713 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Decline of the Dutch Republic in 1650 to 1713 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Decline of the Dutch Republic in 1650 to 1713 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In a letter about the Dutch reaction to losses suffered in the war. An English resident in the Dutch Republic notes that the enormous draw of males to fight the war is taking a toll on the citizens of the Dutch Republic. The losses suffered from the wars with France and England brought on the deterioration of the Dutch Republic, through their economic and internal struggles. The Dutch Republics decline was, in part, caused by the economic declination; which was catalyzed by the wars France and England waged on the Dutch Republic. Although Sir George Downing, the English ambassador to the Dutch Republic in 1664, may have been exaggerating the shattered state of the Dutch Republic, in a letter to the English government, Downing described the Dutch Republic as being shattered and a divided thing that depends on the previously wealthy province of Holland. The national debt of the Dutch Republic in 1688 increased immensely, so that in 1713 the national debt of the Dutch Republic more than tripled. The national debt in 1688 was a result of the war against England and France and the Dutch Republic never recovered due to the wars the Dutch were forced to fight against France. Although the debt was so immense, that every province of the Dutch Republic felt it, the few wealthy citizens of Amsterdam remained virtually untouched and stayed the wealthiest citizens of the Dutch Republic. The heavy class distinctions of the Dutch Republic during 1650 to 1713 contributed to the growing unease within the provinces. The disunity and conflict within the Dutch Republic contributed to its overall decline as a major power during 1650 to 1713. In a government report of the Dutch Republic in 1683 reports on the fact that the different provinces of the Dutch Republic cannot agree on how to oppose the attacks of Louis XIV in the war against France and England. Although the government report on the Dutch Republic seems unbiased and is therefore to be trusted, the political pamphlet published in Amsterdam, 1683 is to be regarded as slightly exaggerated. The pamphlet describes the wealth citizens of Amsterdam with some bitterness. The pamphlet is sympathetic to the struggling citizens of the Dutch provinces and describes them as the only source of wealth in the Dutch Republic. The political pamphlet illustrates the disunion within the Dutch Republic as a result of economic hardships brought about by the wars the provinces participate in; the very wars that affected the once great trade power that the Dutch Republic was. The decline of the Dutch Republic was caused by the economic hardships prompted by the wars the Dutch Republic was forced to defend itself against. The trade competition caused by the English East India Company was reported to be the real cause of the war between England and the Dutch Republic by Marquis de Pomponne, the French ambassador to the Dutch Republic, in a report to the French government in the early 1680s. In the map of the Dutch Republic and Rival States in the Late Seventeenth Century, the map shows the numerous naval battles the Dutch Republic was fighting against England. As a result of the naval battles fought, the Dutch Republic suffered great losses from their trading. There was an estimated 2,000 to 2,700 Dutch shops seized by the English during the Three Anglo-Dutch Wars in 1652 to 1674. To make up for the lost revenues that resulted from a massive number of Dutch trading ships seized, the Dutch Republic planted heavy taxes on merchants. In an anonymous pamphlet published in the province of Holland in 1669 an unnamed citizen of the Dutch Republic notes that the heavy taxes set of the merchants are a burdensome addition to the losses they are already suffering from the naval battles the Dutch Republic is involved in. Although the writer of the pamphlet is clearly biased towards the merchants, the pamphlet is to be regarded as true because the writer, most likely a merchant, experienced the burden of the taxes first hand. The wars waged against England did not solve the trade problem as illustrated in a letter to the directors of the Dutch East India Company in 1705 from a Dutch colonial administrator. The letter reports that the East Indian trade is not earning any profits because of the competition with other countries. The Dutch Republic was previously an intimidating and dominating power in Europe. Its decline was caused mainly by the many wars it was forced to defend itself against. The wars the Dutch Republic fought caused great economic losses. The wars touched the Dutch Republics trading ships and caused further disunion within the provinces. The decline of the Dutch Republic was caused by a series of European wars, internal conflict, and a loss of trade dominance and economic abundance.

Sociology ia unit Essays

Sociology ia unit Essays Sociology ia unit Essay Sociology ia unit Essay Statement of Problem 61 Page Suicide is becoming a growing issue in Jamaica and the Caribbean due to social forces arising. This research seeks to investigate and observe the factors that contribute to the prevalence of suicide within SST. Ann. Aims and Objectives This research attempts to determine: The causes and effects of suicide. X/ The extent to which suicidal tendencies result in suicide. V Suggestions to aid in lowering the suicide rates. Key terms ;Self-destruction : the act of destroying oneself *Suicidal: anything pertaining to suicide. Tendencies: an inclination or predisposition to something Psychological resilience: is defined as an individuals ability to properly adapt to stress and adversity. Literature Review As society becomes more modernized the rates of suicide significantly increased. Due to this, sociologists and researchers have conducted investigations to find out the factors that contribute to the increase in suicidal tendencies, the effects and also some the ories to explain the different types Of 71 Page suicide. According to the oxford dictionary , suicide is the intentional killing of oneself. In conducting this research for this literature review, information was extracted from numerous articles, books and internet sources in order to obtain suitable and valid data to support the study. It is the purview of psychologist and sociologist to study the factors that cause suicidal tendencies. Emilee Druthers is one such sociologist who had done extensive research on this topic in his auspicious book entitled suicide (1897) where he argues that, suicide is influenced by two social facts which are integration and regulation (see appendix). A suitable example of this is taken from a web based article entitled suicide, a silent plea To summarize this article, 16 year old girl, Francesca, ascribes her experiences at high school where her failure to fit in had result in an attempt to take her own life. Druthers farther explains that they are 4 different types of suicide: Altruistic, Anomic, Egoistic and Fatalistic suicide . (For more info see appendix) Studies have shown that suicide is more common between the ages Of 1 6 to 34 years old and are more frequent in males. From a web based source entitled the epidemiology of suicide in Jamaica 2002-2010: rates and patterns statistically state that, suicide rates for males were significantly higher than those for females. The majority (90. 4%) of suicide cases were males. A trend for higher rates of suicide was generally noted in the younger age groups. The main reason for this, according to the Office of the Childrens Advocate is the lack of adequate parenting. The family unit plays a key role in all societies since it serves to socialize the young members into the norms and values of the society. Without performing this function youths tend to turn to society (integration) to provide that function, which is not always a good means. (Described in the case of Francesca). Most recently, a new theory was devised by an American psychologist, Thomas Joiner, posted on a wed based article why people attempt suicide (2010) which 81 page argues that fearlessness towards pain may be learnt over time, which could explain the strong association between self-harming behavior and suicide! . This could also explain why suicide rates are higher among men than women. Conclusively, suicidal tendencies are detected by people who face mental and physical challenges which arise as society becomes more modernized. A study at the University of the West Indies have indicated that Jamaica has one of the lowest suicide rates in the world due to the fact that they believe one would not make it to heaven if they should commit suicide. This literature review seeks to farther explain my findings and is tangential and similar to my topic of investigation in that it pinpoints some factors that are linked to the increase in suicide. This research project WOUld add to the existing literature, since no empirical research has been conducted on the prevalence of suicide in Jamaica. 91 page 101 page Research Design This research will be done qualitatively, even thought it had followed the functionalist perspective (which looks at society as a whole), because the topic of suicide was very personal and it required direct primary sources of information in order to collect in-depth subjective data the research method used was an interview. The advantage of using this method is that I was able to detect lies or inconsistencies in the interviews accounts by observing their facial expression or body language, information could easily be clarified and here is no significant time delay between question and answer; the interviewer and interviewee can directly react on what the other says or does. In this study the researcher had also utilized a non-probability technique, the snowballing technique, in which I asked each respondent to Suggest another potential exponent. The reason choose to use this technique because it was possible to include members of groups where no lists or identifiable clusters even exist (e. G. , drug abusers, criminals) and also because I did not have to spend time and money trying to find another sample subject; rather they were being brought to me. 11 | Page Sociological Perspective Similar to the research Emilee Druthers carried out in his literary work Us iced (1 897), this research was guided though a functionalist perspective. The functional perspective depicts society as a complex system with many institutions that works together to promote stability such as the anatomy of the human body and its organs. By using the functionalist perspective it was easier to explain the factors of society that contribute to an individuals behavior and the institutions that play a significant role of colonization seeing that without them negative social phenomenon may arise and due to lack of knowledge o how to counteract these phenomena this leads to the self-destruction of the individual. 21 page Sample For this research, twenty (20) interviews were conducted, each from the parish of SST. Ann but also from different areas. This was done so that each sample unit response would vary as they all are encapsulated in different environments. The sample consisted of ten (10) males and ten (10) females which was a 1:1 ratio. Of the ;.NET (20) samples, seventeen (17) were subject to suicidal tendencies and only three (3) were not . The ages of these respondents range from 15-27 years. These 1 7 samples were selected because they have had experience of the topic being researched and the 3 Other samples were selected to serve as a contrast to illustrate how individuals surpassed suicidal tendencies. 131 page Data collection Instrument To see the instruments used to carry out this research please see the appendix. The data collection method the researcher will utilize is an unstructured interview. It will consist of 9 relevant questions for the individuals who have had suicidal tendencies and only 2 questions for those who never had suicidal tendencies. In shows a pie chart of the different methods the samples thought of using to take their lives. Hanging was the most preferred method, as they thought that it would be quick and somewhat pain less, it held a percentage of 35%, 25% o the sample stated they would shoot themselves, 20% said cutting, 15% preferred drug overdose and the least preferred Was jumping from a building, at 5%. A pattern can be observed that all the samples that stated jumping as a method were also the same samples would state that they would commit suicide in order to get attention.

Corporate Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate Strategy - Essay Example For evaluating the strategic positioning of the company the following features are considered: Industry - Wm Morrisons Supermarkets Plc is one of the largest supermarkets in Britain’s retail industry. It is food retailer primarily in the UK. In January 2012, the supermarket chain Had 475 stores in Britain that ranged in size between 3,000 to above 40,000 square feet. Its subsidiaries are Farmers Boy Limited, a manufacturer and the distributor for food products, Neerock limited which is a meat processor company and many more (WM Morrison Supermarkets P L C (MRW.L), 2012). It positions itself in the market by branding its goods as its â€Å"own brand products†. Morrisons also stocks different branded products, ranging from low prices to high prices and obviously different qualities of product. This is a good thing for Morrisons as it offers products for all people who shop at each end of the money spectrum. Competitors – The company faces competition from retailers like ASDA Group Limited, J Sainsbury Plc, John Lewis Partnership Plc, Tesco Plc and Waitrose Plc. According to the report published Retail Week, John Lewis had surged a sales volume of 14.9% that led to ?60.8m due to the Olympic fever. J Sainsbury Plc had entered into a partnership with David Beckham to attract young children (Retail Week, 2012). These strategies increase competition for the company considerably. Morrisons are in a partnership with former England Cricketer Andrew â€Å"Freddy† Flintoff. This is helping Morrisons as he is a well-known sporting professional Market – Wm Morrisons Supermarkets Plc is a retail chain company. The market segmentation done by the company includes the consumer section particularly the domestic households which require a constant supply of food products. It also caters to the entertainment and luxury segment by offering goods for entertainment and decorating households. Products/ Services – The products/ services offered by the company include providing fresh as well as frozen foods, groceries like fruits and vegetables, soft drinks, alcoholic drinks like wine and beer. It also provides products for entertainment, baby products, pharmaceutical products, products for the domesticated pets and entertainment products. (Wm Morrison Supermarkets plc, 2011). Strategic capabilities – Strategic capabilities of a firm will denote the activities that will set it apart from its competitors. In case of Wm Morrisons, the company has tied up with two online companies known as Kiddicare present in UK and Fresh direct which is present in the US. This would help the company to enter new market segments in outside areas like in the US. It also included Steve Thompson who was the former internet store manager for Apple, in its board members (Morrisons Supermarkets plc. 2012).. There were other strategic initiatives too like appointing people with adequate market expertise in the retail domain who would help th e company in its expansion motives such as Belinda Youngs as the Own Brand Director who would be responsible for enhancing the own label of the company as one leading brand (Morrisons announces four new senior management appointments, 2012).. The company also actively performs in its corporate social responsibilities that help it to maintain a good reputation in the market. It maintains its CSR responsibilities in the form of cutting down its carbon usage, handling its waste products responsibly

Malaysian Banks Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Malaysian Banks - Term Paper Example One of the most premiere cases where it is not shariah compliant that it most incur loss and gains in the house or business regardless of circumstances. A notable case was noted when an individual went to the Bank and said he cannot pay, but the bank refused to sell his house. This is completely against shariah in which the bank must split the loss. Hence, the concept of shariah finance is extremely hard because each country wants some revenue when it comes to financial securities. For the sake of assurance, most banks sugarcoat this with hidden fees and even charge a higher interest rate that are usually hidden in original clause terms. The concept of ‘service fee’ is highly demised because it is a vague term that all Malaysian banks utilized. Before understanding this issue, it is cognizant to understand the elements that surround Islamic Banking. Without a doubt, the Islamic law dictates that the asset must not be a ribawi material or in the medium exchange of gold, not silver. Additionally, a contract between two or more parties to accumulate in partnership. HSBC Malaysian bank also is one of these banks that is not shariah approved because of this issue. Another bank that is not confirm with the shariah standards is the fact Citibank Malaysia. Citibank Malaysia also offers these instruments along with the JP Morgan Malaysia Ltd. These banks financial statements dictate that these credit statements must be approved the counsel that is Shariah Compliant. Schroders Malaysia  is also under the same scrutiny as they sell bonds and other financial instruments that charge an interest rate and are not compatible with equal loss or gain since all payments for purchases are made in money. It is clear that not all banks have the understanding to conduct shariah and even do have an approval, tend to look for their own understanding of financial security. Additionally, the banks make it very clear in clause and terms that

The Problem of Old Harjo by John M. Oskison Article

The Problem of Old Harjo by John M. Oskison - Article Example The new generation of Native writers themselves was just as critical of missionary efforts. In 1907 John M. Oskison's story â€Å"The Problem of Old Harjo† explored the dilemma of a well-intentioned Christian missionary who believes she can convert an elderly Native. The difficulty is that Old Harjo is happily married to two wives, and forcing him to renounce either one would be â€Å"cruel and useless.† Though Harjo fervently seeks church membership, the missionary is sensible enough to doubt that demanding a separation â€Å"would in the least advance morality amongst the tribe, but I'm certain that it would make three gentle people unhappy for the rest of their lives.† In this instance at least, when Indian custom and missionary certainty come into conflict, the missionary must back down.   The problem of having to choose between two wives and two sets of values is not unique to the rising class of freed slaves. Native Americans commonly had more than one wi fe; this presented a problem for Native Americans as they were converted to Christianity and expected to conform to the rules of American society. Although the government would not honor such a marriage, they were emotionally and economically binding for the spouses.   In â€Å"The Problem of Old Harjo,† John Oskison, another Native American, addresses this issue. Harjo, like Old White Bull, has two wives. While this is the tale of conflict between Christianity and native traditions, it still offers tremendous insight into the emotional bond of marriage, even when more than two people are involved. Oskison builds credibility for the institution by first portraying the missionaries as superficially religious but not concerned with Harjo’s well-being—they are representatives of a church of â€Å"scandalized missionaries† (Oskison 967). While the missionaries are sarcastic with one another and worry only about sin, ignorance, bigamy, and moral rehabilitati on, Harjo is sincere in his acceptance of Jesus (ironically, the only truly crucial part of the missionaries’ teachings) and is sincere in his love and responsibility for both of his wives.   

Factors for Success in Business Organisations

Factors for Success in Business Organisations With reference to two detailed examples (of business organisations) and appropriate writers on management theory, identify the main critical factors in ensuring the success of business organisations in an increasingly competitive and globalised world. Nokia is increasingly recognised as one of the biggest success stories of the modern world, successfully coping with being in the middle of some of the most wide scale changes seen in the last twenty years. Indeed, until 1992, Nokia’s products were almost uniformly low tech and purely functional, mainly consisting of toilet paper, nappies, car tyres and rubber boots; and cables for electric and telephone utilities. The company, based in Finland, had its major market in the Soviet Union up until its collapse in 1991/92. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, which was Finland’s main trading partner, Nokia almost went into bankruptcy due to falling demand. Some of the company’s shareholders tried to sell Nokia to Ericsson at this point, but Ericsson refused to buy what they saw as a company on the brink of collapse and impossible to rescue (Fox, 2000). However by May 2001, Nokia had become the world’s largest manufacturer of mobile phones by a long way, with 35% of the global market share, compared to 13% for Motorola, and was second in the world in the equipment used to run mobile networks. Business Week’s (2001) ranking of the world’s largest companies showed that Nokia had the fifth most valuable brand on earth in the year 2000, and the company’s stock market value was approximately $250 billion: the second highest in Europe, and ninth in the world. This dramatic turnaround has largely been attributed to one of the most well publicised critical factors in the modern business environment: dynamic leadership (Kanji, 2005). Following poor performance from several CEOs, Nokia appointed Jorma Olilla, described as a â€Å"charismatic, charming entrepreneur† (Abetti, 2000), as new CEO in 1992. Olilla had previously been in charge of the company’s mobile phone business in 1990, and had successfully turned it into a global force, leading to his appointment as CEO. He revolutionised the company’s strategy, claiming that, as the Scandinavian nations, had a very low population density, but high standards of living compared to much of the world, their communication preferences and tastes were significantly ahead of the rest of the world. As a result, he concluded that mobile phones would both appeal to the younger generation, who were always on the move, and in doing so would gradually replace land line phones. As a result, whilst Motorola, one of Nokia’s biggest competitors at the time, was targeting principally business, government and industry (Abetti, 2000), Nokia decided to target individual consumers. The company exploited the wealth of the Scandinavian nations by competing on quality, brand and fashion; rather than on price. Olilla also recognised that Nokia was highly technically competent, with a strong internal culture and focus (Fox, 2000); another two of the critical factors for success in the modern business environment. From this base, he saw the need for the company to embrace a third critical factor: technological innovation, and used this to drive the focus of the corporation away from mere technical RD and on to a more innovative and creative corporate strategy Another strategic decision was to diversify away from being purely reliant on the GSH digital standard, and to embrace the other two standards: TDMA in North America, and PDS in Japan (Pulkkinen 1997). This market diversification, another critical factor for success, enabled Nokia to dominate in many markets, whilst maintaining brand integrity and a consistent look and feel for the phones. Indeed, embracing the trend towards user friendliness, Nokia included a software based menu, making their mobile phones similar to a palmtop computer and thus adding extra functionality for users. However, whilst Nokia recognised the need for diversification, it also recognised the need for a strong strategic focus, which is another critical success factor. Indeed, shortly after Olilla became CEO, all the companies vice-presidents but one left the company, Nokia closed down all of its unprofitable non-electronic businesses, and the company’s management was reformed into a new five person executive team, all of whom were young and ready to embrace the new market challenges. Due to this strong strategic focus, Nokia’s diversification into electronics and mobile phones became the core competency for the entire company, leading to Nokia becoming the world leader in wireless communication. The results can be seen in the fact that the sales goal for Nokia’s first series of phones was 2,000 units, when in fact the company sold over 20 million of these phones worldwide (Abetti, 2000). The Nokia case covers the vast majority of the critical success factors companies require to succeed in the modern business environment. Indeed, so prevalent are these factors that they can also be seen in the case of Rolls Royce’s success over the past few years. Similar to Nokia, Rolls-Royce focuses strongly on technology and innovation however, in contrast to many modern global companies, Rolls Royce maintains a significant manufacturing base in the UK, where it manufactures value added components Rather than looking to outsource manufacturing overseas to a country where manufacturing cheaper, as many major companies have, Rolls Royce has used the UK’s sound technological base and excellent infrastructure to great advantage. The company has build focused factories with a very good lean flow of information, the minimum amount of waste, well designed processes and modern working practices, such as self directed teamwork (Sandford, 2004). This comprehensive and holistic approach to operational excellence and total quality management, two critical factors for many manufacturing firms, has led to Rolls Royce’s productivity being equal or better than any of its competitors. Similar to Nokia, Rolls Royce has a strong strategic focus, however in contrast to the mobile phone giant, Rolls Royce has kept its overall strategy remarkably constant over the years, and this constancy of purpose has been a great help to the company when developing and consolidating its operational strategy (Interavia, 2001). This constancy of purpose and strategy has also enable Rolls Royce to learn from its factories, its people and its processes, and such organisational learning is vital in helping the company develop better products for future growth. Indeed, Rolls Royce has remained very strong in developing and maintaining its internal resources and core competencies, which are also seen as key strategic factors in the modern business environment (Barney, 1996). Rolls Royce have recognised that, whilst short term cost savings may not be as great; ultimately, outsourcing core activities such as manufacturing will result in both product innovation and long term competitive advantage suffering. In fact, Mesinger (2007) discovered that when technology and cost considerations replace the role of skilled people in the performance of many routine jobs, creativity and innovation thinking among employees is affected across the board. As such, with creativity and innovation being considered critical factors in modern organisational success, Meisinger suggests that companies will need to develop strategies specifically to enhance the creative environment of the workplace. A further critical factor in global business success, and one that is often viewed as a separate consideration, is the use of the Internet for sales, marketing and communications. Whilst some academics argue that the Internet should be considered a separate business unit, Chaffey et al (2000) claim that a company’s Internet strategy is an integral part of its overall strategy, as the Internet, if used properly, will supports the main thrusts of the company’s marketing and business strategy. Indeed, modern researchers and practitioners now increasingly view a company’s marketing strategy, and the related factors, as critical factors in business success (Porter, 2001). One final factor that is viewed by many practitioners as being critical in the modern environment is successfully managing the knowledge that is accumulated within business organisations. This has led to the rise in knowledge management as a critical and differentiating factor for any business that relies on the skill of its people. Lee and Asllani (1997) cite several examples that demonstrate how knowledge management enables companies to achieve both continuous and radical improvements, and that these two approaches can significantly increase the firm’s competitive advantage. Indeed, many researchers have recognised the importance of knowledge management in the implementing the improvement philosophies involved in lean manufacturing and total quality management (Yang, 2004) and now see the interaction between the two concepts as being a critical factor for success in itself. Zetie (2002) showed that the concepts of total quality management and knowledge management, together w ith a number of others, are becoming ever more closely linked, and are actually all leading towards better organisational learning and development. Indeed, Zetie (2002) further argues that firms who benefit from said organisation learning will become better organisational change management, which Zeite claims is also a critical factor in the modern business environment. References Abetti, P. A. (2000) Critical Success Factors for Radical Technological Innovation: A Five Case Study. Creativity Innovation Management; Vol. 9, Issue 4, p. 208. Barney, J. B. (1996) The Resource-based Theory of the Firm. Organization Science, Vol. 7, Issue 5, p. 469. Business Week (2000) The World’s Most Valuable Companies. 10th July 2000. Chaffey, D. Mayer, R. Johnston, K. and Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2000) Internet Marketing. Harlow, UK: Prentice Hall. Fox, J. (2000) Nokia’s secret code. Fortune, 1st May 2000, p. 161-174. Interavia Business Technology (2001) Rolls-Royce keeping a tight focus. Vol. 56, Issue 652, p. 14. Kanji, G. K. (2005) Sustainable growth and business excellence. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence; Vol. 16, Issue 8/9, p. 1069-1078. Lee, S. M. and Asllani, A. (1997) TQM and BPR: symbiosis and a new approach for integration. Management Decision, Vol. 35, Issue 6, p. 409–416. Meisinger, S. (2007) Creativity and Innovation: Key Drivers for Success. HR Magazine; Vol. 52, Issue 5, p. 10. Porter, M. E. (2001) Strategy and the Internet Harvard Business Review, Vol. 79, Issue 3, p. 63–78. Pulkkinen, M. (1997) The Breakthrough of Nokia Mobile Phones. Helsinki: Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration, Ph.D. Thesis. Yang, J. (2004) Knowledge management opportunities for cycle time reduction. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, Vol. 1, Issue 2, p. 192–207. Sandford, A. (2004) Training partnership spreads the lean message. Metalworking Production; Vol. 148, Issue 8, p. 16-17. Zetie, S. (2002) The quality circle approach to knowledge management. Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 17, Issue 6, p. 317–321.

Fishing †The Best Hobby Essay -- Essays Papers Sports Recreation

Fishing – The Best Hobby Work—just the word is enough to make me nauseous sometimes. Look at the definition of the word: work—effort exerted to do or make something; labor, toil. It isn’t exactly the definition of fun. Okay, granted work isn’t always awful. There are plenty of people who like their jobs, and work can even be fun. But for the most part, we all know that we’d rather be doing just about anything other than working. Luckily for us, we don’t work all the time. No, we sleep, eat, drink, and have fun. How do we have fun? Well, some of us might get our pleasure from eating or drinking, sometimes a little too often. Others of us might have fun spending time with our companions or family, but usually when we think of having fun, we think of actually doing something: playing a game, reading a book, going swimming, whatever it may be. We call these ways that we have fun our hobbies. There are quite possibly an infinite number of hobbies. Who knows how many d ifferent ways there are for people to have fun. When it comes to me and my hobbies, however, there is one in particular that stands out above the rest. Fishing is definitely the best way to have fun. Fishing is the best hobby there is. Why am I so excited about fishing? Why am I so certain that it is my favorite hobby? While I could go on and on about the joys of fishing, there are three major reasons why I think it’s so great. They are that it is a relatively inexpensive hobby, it is very easy, and, most importantly, there are so many ways, and so many people who can have fun doing it. Fishing is cheap. If you’ve ever looked at a bait and tackle magazine, you might be thinking, yeah, right. You know, you’ve looked in one of those magazines and seen rods and reels that cost over a thousand dollars and lures that are upwards of twenty bucks, just for one lure. If you are thinking this, then you’re right. If you want to fish with professional quality equipment, you are going to spend those kinds of prices. But that’s true for any hobby; professional-grade equipment is going to be very expensive. An official major league baseball, identical to the ones they use in games, costs over ten dollars. When was the last time any of you went out and spent ten dollars for a baseball to play catch with. No, I’m not talking about being a professional fisherman; admittedly, that isn’t cheap. W... ...ve as much fun just riding in the boat as you do catching fish. Another person might think of fishing from a boat, but that person’s perfect fishing trip might be floating in a canoe down a country river. Believe it or not, fishing can even be fun for people who are petrified of the water. Some of the biggest fish ever caught are hooked from riverbanks, fishing piers, or bridges, without the fisherman getting so much as a toe wet. This is why fishing is so great, and I’m not going to even bother comparing it to another hobby, because there is none like it. No, there is no other hobby that can be enjoyed by so many people, in so many places, for so many reasons. As I said before, there are an infinite number of hobbies that people have and it’s very unlikely fishing is your favorite hobby. I’m sure you can spit right back in my face any number of reasons why your hobby is so great, and you’d probably be right. But before you do that, stop and think about this. Is your hobby or any other hobby you can think of as inexpensive, as easy to learn, or as enjoyed by so many different people as fishing? I doubt it. That is why I love fishing so much; that is why fishing is the best.

Drinking Alcoholic Beverages †Paper Essay

An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol, commonly known as alcohol. Alcoholic beverages are divided into three general classes: beers, wines, and spirits (or distilled beverage). They are legally consumed in most countries, and over 100 countries have laws regulating their production, sale, and consumption.[1] In particular, such laws specify the minimum age at which a person may legally buy or drink them. This minimum age varies between 16 and 25 years, depending upon the country and the type of drink. Most nations set it at 18 years of age.[1] The production and consumption of alcohol occurs in most cultures of the world, from hunter-gatherer peoples to nation-states.[2][3] Alcoholic beverages are often an important part of social events in these cultures. Alcohol is a psychoactive drug classified as depressant. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) recently redefined the term â€Å"binge drinking† as any time one reaches a peak BAC of 0.08% or higher as opposed to some (arguably) arbitrary number of drinks in an evening.[4] A high blood alcohol content (BAC) is usually considered to be legal drunkenness because it reduces attention and slows reaction speed. However, alcohol can be addictive known as alcoholism. Health effects of moderate drinking Longevity In a 2010 long-term study of an older population, the beneficial effects of moderate drinking were confirmed, but abstainers and heavy drinkers showed an increase of about 50% in mortality (even after controlling for confounding factors).[57] Ethanol has been found to double the lifespans of worms feed 0.005% ethanol but does not markedly increase at higher concentrations.[58] [edit] Diabetes Daily consumption of a small amount of pure alcohol by older women may slow or prevent the onset of diabetes by lowering the level of blood glucose.[59] However, the researchers caution that the study used pure alcohol and that alcoholic beverages contain additives, including sugar, which would negate this effect.[59] People with diabetes should avoid sugary drinks such as dessert wines and liqueurs.[60] [edit] Heart disease Main article: Alcohol and cardiovascular disease Alcohol consumption by the elderly results in increased longevity, which is almost entirely a result of lowered coronary heart disease.[61] A British study found that consumption of two units of alcohol (one regular glass of wine) daily by doctors aged 48+ years increased longevity by reducing the risk of death by ischaemic heart disease and respiratory disease.[62] Deaths for which alcohol consumption is known to increase risk accounted for only 5% of the total deaths, but this figure increased among those who drank more than two units of alcohol per day.[62] One study found that men who drank moderate amounts of alcohol three or more times a week were up to 35% less likely to have a heart attack than non-drinkers, and men who increased their daily alcohol consumption by one drink over the 12 years of the study had a 22% lower risk of heart attack.[63] Daily intake of one or two units of alcohol (a half or full standard glass of wine) is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease in men over 40, and in women who have been through menopause.[64] However, getting drunk one or more times per month put women at a significantly increased risk of heart attack, negating alcohol’s potential protective effect.[65] Increased longevity due to alcohol consumption is almost entirely the result of a reduced rate of coronary heart disease.[61] CHEMICAL A substance with a distinct molecular composition that is produced by or used in a chemical process. Chemical substances (also called pure substances) may well be defined as â€Å"any material with a definite chemical composition† in an introductory general chemistry textbook.[2] According to this definition a chemical substance can either be a pure chemical element or a pure chemical compound. But, there are exceptions to this definition; a pure substance can also be defined as a form of matter that has both definite composition and distinct properties.[3] The chemical substance index published by CAS also includes several alloys of uncertain composition.[4] Non-stoichiometric compounds are a special case (in inorganic chemistry) that violates the law of constant composition, and for them, it is sometimes difficult to draw the line between a mixture and a compound, as in the case of palladium hydride. Broader definitions of chemicals or chemical substances can be found, for example: â€Å"the term ‘chemical substance’ means any organic or inorganic substance of a particular molecular identity, including – (i) any combination of such substances occurring in whole or in part as a result of a chemical reaction or occurring in nature†[5] In geology, substances of uniform composition are called minerals, while physical mixtures (aggregates) of several minerals (different substances) are defined as rocks. Many minerals, however, mutually dissolve into solid solutions, such that a single rock is a uniform substance despite being a ‘mixture’. Feldspars are a common example: anorthoclase is an alkali aluminum silicate, where the alkali metal is interchangeably either sodium or potassium. History The concept of a â€Å"chemical substance† became firmly established in the late eighteenth century after work by the chemist Joseph Proust on the composition of some pure chemical compounds such as basic copper carbonate.[6] He deduced that, â€Å"All samples of a compound have the same composition; that is, all samples have the same proportions, by mass, of the elements present in the compound.† This is now known as the law of constant composition.[7] Later with the advancement of methods for chemical synthesis particularly in the realm of organic chemistry; the discovery of many more chemical elements and new techniques in the realm of analytical chemistry used for isolation and purification of elements and compounds from chemicals that led to the establishment of modern chemistry, the concept was defined as is found in most chemistry textbooks. However, there are some controversies regarding this definition mainly because the large number of chemical substances repo rted in chemistry literature need to be indexed. Isomerism caused much consternation to early researchers, since isomers have exact the same composition, but differ in configuration (arrangement) of the atoms. For example, there was much speculation for the chemical identity of benzene, until the correct structure was described by Friedrich August Kekulà ©. Likewise, the idea of stereoisomerism – that atoms have rigid three-dimensional structure and can thus form isomers that differ only in their three-dimensional arrangement – was another crucial step in understanding the concept of distinct chemical substances. For example, tartaric acid has three distinct isomers, a pair of diastereomers with one diastereomer forming two enantiomers. chemical is a form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties.[1] It cannot be separated into components by physical separation methods, i.e. without breaking chemical bonds. It can be solid, liquid or gas. Chemical substances are often called ‘pure’ to set them apart from mixtures. A common example of a chemical substance is pure water; it has the same properties and the same ratio of hydrogen to oxygen whether it is isolated from a river or made in a laboratory. Other chemical substances commonly encountered in pure form are diamond (carbon), gold, table salt (sodium chloride) and refined sugar (sucrose). However, simple or seemingly pure substances found in nature can in fact be mixtures of chemical substances. For example, tap water may contain small amounts of dissolved sodium chloride and compounds containing iron, calcium and many other chemical substances. Cigarette Smoking The 1982 United States Surgeon General’s report stated that â€Å"Cigarette smoking is the major single cause of cancer mortality [death] in the United States.† This statement is as true today as it was then. Tobacco use is responsible for nearly 1 in 5 deaths in the United States. Because cigarette smoking and tobacco use are acquired behaviors − activities that people choose to do – smoking is the most preventable cause of death in our society. The 1982 United States Surgeon General’s report stated that â€Å"Cigarette smoking is the major single cause of cancer mortality [death] in the United States.† This statement is as true today as it was then. Tobacco use is responsible for nearly 1 in 5 deaths in the United States. Because cigarette smoking and tobacco use are acquired behaviors − activities that people choose to do – smoking is the most preventable cause of death in our society. Who smokes cigarettes? Adults The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report that about 43.8 million US adults were cigarette smokers in 2011 (the most recent year for which numbers are available). This is 19% of all adults (21.6% of men, 16.5% of women) − about 1 out of 5 people. There were more cigarette smokers in the younger age groups. In 2011, the CDC reported 22.1% of people 25 to 44 years old were current smokers, compared with 7.9% of those aged 65 or older.High school and middle school students.Nationwide, 18% of high school students were smoking cigarettes in 2011. The most recent survey of middle school students, done in 2011, shows that about 4% were smoking cigarettes. In both high schools and middle schools, white and Hispanic students were more likely to smoke cigarettes than other races/ethnicities. Effects of smoking on how long you live and your quality of life Cigarette smokers die younger than non-smokers. In fact, according to a study done in the late 1990s by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), smoking shortened male smokers’ lives by 13.2 years and female smokers’ lives by 14.5 years. Men and women who smoke are much more likely to die between the ages of 35 and 69 than those who have never smoked. But not all of the health problems related to smoking result in deaths. Smoking affects a smoker’s health in many ways, harming nearly every organ of the body and causing many diseases. The diseases often seen are chronic bronchitis, emphysema, heart attacks, strokes, and cancer. And some studies have found that male smokers may be more likely to be sexually impotent (have erectile dysfunction) than non-smokers. These problems can steal away a person’s quality of life long before death. Smoking-related illness can limit a person’s daily life by making it harder to breathe, get around, work, or play. Smoking can cause or worsen poor blood flow in the arms and legs (peripheral vascular disease or PVD.) Surgery to improve the blood flow often doesn’t work in people who keep smoking. Because of this, many vascular surgeons (surgeons who work on blood vessels) won’t do certain surgeries on patients with PVD unless they stop smoking. The smoke from cigarettes (called secondhand smoke or environmental tobacco smoke) can also have harmful health effects on those exposed to it. Adults and children can have health problems from breathing secondhand smoke. (See our documents called Secondhand Smoke and Women and Smoking.) O.T.C DRUGS Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are drugs you can buy without a prescription. Some OTC medicines relieve aches, pains and itches. Some prevent or cure diseases, like tooth decay and athlete’s foot. Others help manage recurring problems, like migraines. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration decides whether a medicine is safe enough to sell over-the-counter. Taking OTC medicines still has risks. Some interact with other medicines, supplements, foods or drinks. Others cause problems for people with certain medical conditions. If you’re pregnant, talk to your health care provider before taking any medicines. It is important to take medicines correctly, and be careful when giving them to children. More medicine does not necessarily mean better. You should never take OTC medicines longer or in higher doses than the label recommends. If your symptoms don’t go away, it’s a clear signal that it’s time to see your healthcare provider. Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines that may be sold directly to a consumer without a prescription from a healthcare professional, as compared to prescription drugs, which may be sold only to consumers possessing a valid prescription. In many countries, OTC drugs are selected by a regulatory agency to ensure that they are ingredients that are safe and effective when used without a physician’s care. OTC drugs are usually regulated by active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), not final products. By regulating APIs instead of specific drug formulations, governments allow manufacturers freedom to formulate ingredients, or combinations of ingredients, into proprietary mixtures.[1] The term over-the-counter may be somewhat counterintuitive, since, in many countries, these drugs are often located on the shelves of stores like any other packaged product. In contrast, prescription drugs are almost always passed over a counter from the pharmacist to the customer. Some drugs may be legally classified as over-the-counter (i.e., no prescription is required), but may only be dispensed by a pharmacist after an assessment of the patient’s needs and/or the provision of patient education. In many countries, a number of OTC drugs are available in establishments without a pharmacy, such as general stores, supermarkets, gas stations, etc. Regulations detailing the establishments where drugs may be sold, who is authorized to dispense them, and whether a prescription is required vary considerably from country to country. Restricted OTC Substances An ill-defined third category of substances comprises those products having over-the-counter status from the FDA, while being simultaneously subject to other restrictions on sale. While these products are legally classified as OTC drugs, they are typically stored behind the pharmacy counter and are sold only in stores employing a registered pharmacist; such items may be unavailable in convenience or grocery stores that stock other non-restricted OTC medications. For example, many U.S. drugstores have moved products containing pseudoephedrine, an OTC product, into locations where customers must ask a pharmacist for them. A prescription is not required; the change has been made in an effort to reduce methamphetamine production. Since the passage of the Illinois Methamphetamine Precursor Control Act and the subsequent Federal Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005, the purchase of pseudoephedrine in the United States is restricted. Sellers of pseudoephedrine must obtain and record the identity of the purchaser and enforce quantity restrictions. Some states may have more stringent requirements (e.g., Oregon , where a medical prescription is required to purchase any quantity of pseudoephedrine). After initial attempts to control meth use by requiring documentation of sale with government issued ID as well as limits on the quantity an individual could purchase failed to realize meaningful reductions in methamphetamine use and production, Mississippi passed House Bill 512 in the State Senate on February 2, 2010,† to require a prescription from a licensed medical professional to purchase over-the-counter medicines with pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, or any other precursor chemical that can readily and ill icitly be converted into methamphetamine, Methcathinone or any active/scheduled analogs of Phenylethylamines/ amphetamine. Despite these restrictions, products containing the substance are still OTC in most states, since no prescription is required. RELATED LAWS Laws Related to Drugs and Alcohol Here are a few of the laws in regards to alcohol and drugs. Do not think that this list is exhaustive, there are more. These are the commonly encountered laws by IU Police Officers. The following laws are current as of January 2003. The following text should be used as a guide not the definitive answer. Some text from the excerpts was omitted. Search the Indiana Code. Alcohol Related * IC 7.1-5-7-1 False statements of age Sec. 1. (a) It is a Class C infraction for a minor to make a false statement of the minor’s age or to present or offer false or fraudulent evidence of majority or identity to a permittee for the purpose of ordering, purchasing, attempting to purchase, or otherwise procuring or attempting to procure an alcoholic beverage. (b) In addition to the penalty under subsection (a), a minor who: (1) uses a false or altered driver’s license or the driver’s license of another person as evidence of majority under this section; or (2) is convicted of purchasing or procuring an alcoholic beverage with or without using a false or altered driver’s license; shall have the minor’s driver’s license suspended for up to one (1) year in accordance with IC 9-24-18-8 and IC 9-30-4-9. (c) Upon entering a judgment for the infraction under this section, the court shall forward a copy of the judgment to the bureau of motor vehicles for the purpose of complying with subsection (b). * IC 7.1-5-7-2 Furnishing false evidence of identification Sec. 2. It is a Class C misdemeanor for a person to sell, give, or furnish to a minor false or fraudulent evidence of majority or identity with the intent to violate a provision of this title. * IC 7.1-5-7-3 Possession of false identity Sec. 3. It is a Class C infraction for a minor to have in his possession false or fraudulent evidence of majority or identity with the intent to violate a provision of this title. * IC 7.1-5-7-7 Illegal possession Sec. 7. (a) It is a Class C misdemeanor for a minor to knowingly: (1) possess an alcoholic beverage; (2) consume it; or (3) transport it on a public highway when not accompanied by at least one (1) of his parents or guardians. (b) If a minor is found to have violated subsection (a) while operating a motor vehicle, the court may order the minor’s driver’s license suspended for up to one (1) year. However, if the minor is less than eighteen (18) years of age, the court shall order the minor’s driver’s license suspended for at least sixty (60) days. (c) The court shall deliver any order suspending the minor’s driver’s license under this section to the bureau of motor vehicles, which shall suspend the minor’s driver’s license under IC 9-24-18-12 for the period ordered by the court. * IC 7.1-5-7-8 Sales to minors prohibited Sec. 8. (a) It is a Class C misdemeanor for a person to recklessly sell, barter, exchange, provide, or furnish an alcoholic beverage to a minor. (b) This section shall not be construed to impose civil liability upon any educational institution of higher learning, including but not limited to public and private universities and colleges, business schools, vocational schools, and schools for continuing education, or its agents for injury to any person or property sustained in consequence of a violation of this section unless such institution or its agent sells, barters, exchanges, provides, or furnishes an alcoholic beverage to a minor. * IC 7.1-5-7-15 Aiding unlawful possession Sec. 15. A person twenty-one (21) years of age or older who knowingly or intentionally encourages, aids, or induces a minor to unlawfully possess an alcoholic beverage commits a Class C infraction. * IC 7.1-5-1-3 Public intoxication prohibited Sec. 3. It is a Class B misdemeanor for a person to be in a public place or a place of public resort in a state of intoxication caused by the person’s use of alcohol or a controlled substance (as defined in IC 35-48-1-9). * IC 7.1-5-1-6 Intoxication upon common carrier prohibited Sec. 6. It is a Class B misdemeanor for a person to be, or to become, intoxicated as a result of the person’s use of alcohol or a controlled substance (as defined in IC 35-48-1-9) in or upon a vehicle commonly used for the public transportation of passengers, or in or upon a common carrier, or in or about a depot, station, airport, ticket office, waiting room or platform.